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Effect of textural property of coconut shell-based activated carbon on desorption activation energy of benzothiophene

YU Moxin, LI Zhong, XI Hongxia, XIA Qibin, WANG Shuwen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 269-275 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0056-6

摘要： In this work, the effect of the textural property of activated carbons on desorption activation energy and adsorption capacity for benzothiophene (BT) was investigated. BET surface areas and the textural parameters of three kinds of the activated carbons, namely SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19, were measured with an ASAP 2010 instrument. The desorption activation energies of BT on the activated carbons were determined by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Static adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the isotherms of BT on the activated carbons. The influence of the textural property of the activated carbons on desorption activation energy and the adsorption capacity for BT was discussed. Results showed that the BET surface areas of the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-13 and SY-19 were 1106, 1070 and 689 mg, respectively, and their average pore diameters were 1.96, 2.58 and 2.16 nm, respectively. The TPD results indicated that the desorption activation energy of BT on the activated carbons, SY-6, SY-19 and SY-13 were 58.84, 53.02 and 42.57 KJ/mol, respectively. The isotherms showed that the amount of BT adsorbed on the activated carbons followed the order of SY-6 > SY-19 > SY-13. The smaller the average pore diameter of the activated carbon, the stronger its adsorption for BT and the higher the activation energy required for BT desorption on its surface. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model can be properly used to formulate the adsorption behavior of BT on the activated carbons.

关键词： diameter     adsorption isotherm     ASAP     SY-19 >     activated    

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SY01

LAN Wenjian, MO Linfeng, LI Houjin, CAI Chuanghua, ZHOU Yipin, YAO Junhua

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 443-446 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0065-5

摘要： New marine bacterium sp. SY01, producer of prodigiosin, was isolated from the seawaters of Sanya Bay. The culture conditions of this bacterium were investigated. sp. SY01 was cultured in 2216E media which contained tryptophan, histidine, lactonic acid, camphor, limonene, casein, diphenyl guanidine, coumarin and 1,3-dinitrobenzene, respectively. After 5 days cultivation, the extracts of different culture broths were detected by direct infusion mass spectroscopy using positive ESI mode. As the results, tryptophan, histidine and casein didn’t show any observable influences on the biosynthesis of prodigiosin. Lactonic acid, camphor, limonene, diphenyl guanidine, coumarin could inhibit the bacterium growth and prodigiosin biosynthesis to a certain extent, slower the culture broth to turn red. However, 1, 3-dinitrobenzene inhibited the bacteria to produce prodigiosin completely. MS data suggested that various metabolites with chemodiversity were produced in different culture media. In particular, a series of high-molecular-weight compounds with high relative abundances were observed in the medium containing limonene. To further optimize the culture condition, more new prodigiosin analogues and lead compounds can be obtained and the goal of “one strain-many compounds” can be achieved.

关键词： producer     high-molecular-weight     relative     culture     different culture    

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A review of the safety and efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 39-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0893-y

摘要： Vaccination is the most effective and feasible way to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid development of effective COVID-19 vaccines is an extraordinary achievement. This study reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety profile of the 12 most progressed COVID-19 vaccines and discussed the challenges and prospects of the vaccine-based approaches in a global crisis. Overall, most of the current vaccines have shown safety and efficacy/effectiveness during actual clinical trials or in the real-world studies, indicating a development of pandemic control. However, many challenges are faced by pandemic control in terms of maximizing the effect of vaccines, such as rapid vaccine coverage, strategies to address variants with immune escape capability, and surveillance of vaccine safety in the medium- and long-terms.

关键词： COVID-19     SARS-CoV-2     vaccine     safety     efficacy     effectiveness     immunogenicity    

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Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1034-6

摘要： Confronted with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, China has become an asset in tackling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and mutation, with several innovative platforms, which provides various technical means in this persisting combat. Derived from collaborated researches, vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or inactivated whole virus are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. Herein, we outline representative vaccines in multiple routes, while the merits and plights of the existing vaccine strategies are also summarized. Likewise, new technologies may provide more potent or broader immunity and will contribute to fight against hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 variants. All in all, with the ultimate aim of delivering robust and durable protection that is resilient to emerging infectious disease, alongside the traditional routes, the discovery of innovative approach to developing effective vaccines based on virus properties remains our top priority.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19 vaccine     vaccine development    

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 185-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

摘要： The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shared its genomic sequence with the world, has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year, due to the efforts of the scientific community, biopharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity. Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold, by increasing vaccine coverage, especially for older adults and young people, and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts. Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19     pandemics     SARS-CoV-2     vaccination    

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Tumor-derived exosomes induce initial activation by exosomal CD19 antigen but impair the function ofCD19-specific CAR T-cells via TGF-β signaling

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1010-1

摘要： Tumor-derived exosomes induce initial activation by exosomal CD19 antigen but impair the function of CD19-specific CAR T-cells via TGF-β signaling

关键词： exosomes induce activation     impair function CD19     exosomal CD19 antigen    

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Traditional Chinese medicine for combating COVID-19

Kaixian Chen, Hongzhuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 529-532 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0802-9

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Practice and principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1040-8

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment. According to a series of evidence-based studies, TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups. For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19, TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms, shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion, and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease. For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses, TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation, shorten the hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate. During recovery, TCM can improve patients’ symptoms, promote organ function recovery, boost the quality of patients’ life, and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate. A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, and protection of organ function via a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway approach.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine     COVID-19     SARS-CoV-2     clinical evidence-based study     mechanism     integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine    

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Preclinical characterization and comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 139-149 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0835-8

摘要： The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight, and thus its clinical use is limited. Furthermore, multiple trials have shown that approximately 30% of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells. Here, we design and characterize two novel antibodies, A-319 and A-2019. Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures, and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function. Our in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells, enhancing T-cell function, mediating B-cell depletion, and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models. The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile. The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019, whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19, suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.

关键词： B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia     bispecific antibody     trispecific antibody     CD19     CD20    

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COVID-19: why not learn from the past?

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 776-781 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0883-0

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B: a multi-center

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 111-125 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0854-5

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Although mixed liver impairment has been reported in COVID-19 patients, the association of liver injury caused by specific subtype especially chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with COVID-19 has not been elucidated. In this multi-center, retrospective, and observational cohort study, 109 CHB and 327 non-CHB patients with COVID-19 were propensity score matched at an approximate ratio of 3:1 on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, disease severity, and clinical outcomes were compared. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to explore the risk factors for disease severity and mortality, respectively. A higher proportion of CHB patients (30 of 109 (27.52%)) developed into severe status than non-CHB patients (17 of 327 (5.20%)). In addition to previously reported liver impairment markers, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, we identified several novel risk factors including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (≥245 U/L, hazard ratio (HR) = 8.639, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.528–29.523; P <0.001) and coagulation-related biomarker D-dimer (≥0.5 μg/mL, HR= 4.321, 95% CI= 1.443–12.939; P = 0.009) and decreased albumin (<35 g/L, HR= 0.131, 95% CI= 0.048–0.361; P <0.001) and albumin/globulin ratio (<1.5, HR= 0.123, 95% CI= 0.017–0.918; P = 0.041). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with CHB were more likely to develop into severe illness and die. The risk factors that we identified may be helpful for early clinical surveillance of critical progression.

关键词： COVID-19     chronic hepatitis B     liver injury     coagulation dysfunction    

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Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1407-5

摘要：

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied.

关键词： COVID-19     Medical waste     Personal protective equipment     Municipal solid waste     Waste management    

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Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4

摘要： As of May 3, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     cytokine storm     interleukin-6     tocilizumab    

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Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 193-198 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and increase the current knowledge on the perinatal consequences of COVID-19. Nineteen neonates were admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Their mothers were clinically diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. We prospectively collected and analyzed data of mothers and infants. There are 19 neonates included in the research. Among them, 10 mothers were confirmed COVID-19 by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, and 9 mothers were clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Delivery occurred in an isolation room and neonates were immediately separated from the mothers and isolated for at least 14 days. No fetal distress was found. Gestational age of the neonates was 38.6±1.5 weeks, and average birth weight was 3293±425 g. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, urine, and feces of all neonates were negative. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in breast milk and amniotic fluid was negative too. None of the neonates developed clinical, radiologic, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of COVID-19. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and no perinatal complications in the third trimester were found in our study. The delivery should occur in isolation and neonates should be separated from the infected mothers and care givers.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus     maternal-infant infection     newborn    

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Target-oriented robust optimization of a microgrid system investment model

Lanz UY, Patric UY, Jhoenson SIY, Anthony Shun Fung CHIU, Charlle SY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 440-455 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0563-1

摘要：

An emerging alternative solution to address energy shortage is the construction of a microgrid system. This paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming microgrid investment model considering multi-period and multi-objective investment setups. It further investigates the effects of uncertain demand by using a target-oriented robust optimization (TORO) approach. The model was validated and analyzed by subjecting it in different scenarios. As a result, it is seen that there are four factors that affect the decision of the model: cost, budget, carbon emissions, and useful life. Since the objective of the model is to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the system, the model would choose to prioritize the least cost among the different distribution energy resources (DER). The effects of load uncertainty was observed through the use of Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, the deterministic model shows a solution that might be too optimistic and might not be achievable in real life situations. Through the application of TORO, a profile of solutions is generated to serve as a guide to the investors in their decisions considering uncertain demand. The results show that pessimistic investors would have lower NPV targets since they would invest more in storage facilities, incurring more electricity stock out costs. On the contrary, an optimistic investor would tend to be aggressive in buying electricity generating equipment to meet most of the demand, however risking more storage stock out costs.

关键词： microgrid     renewable resources     robust optimization     target-oriented robust optimization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effect of textural property of coconut shell-based activated carbon on desorption activation energy of benzothiophene

YU Moxin, LI Zhong, XI Hongxia, XIA Qibin, WANG Shuwen

期刊论文

SY01

LAN Wenjian, MO Linfeng, LI Houjin, CAI Chuanghua, ZHOU Yipin, YAO Junhua

期刊论文

A review of the safety and efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines

期刊论文

Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China

期刊论文

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

期刊论文

Tumor-derived exosomes induce initial activation by exosomal CD19 antigen but impair the function ofCD19-specific CAR T-cells via TGF-β signaling

期刊论文

Traditional Chinese medicine for combating COVID-19

Kaixian Chen, Hongzhuan Chen

期刊论文

Practice and principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

期刊论文

Preclinical characterization and comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific

期刊论文

COVID-19: why not learn from the past?

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B: a multi-center

期刊论文

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

期刊论文

Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

期刊论文

Target-oriented robust optimization of a microgrid system investment model

Lanz UY, Patric UY, Jhoenson SIY, Anthony Shun Fung CHIU, Charlle SY

期刊论文